ADD CONDITION

items per page

Dg Health Tussin

Last content change checked dailysee data sync status

Active ingredients
  • Acetaminophen 650 mg/20 mL
  • Guaifenesin 400 mg/20 mL
  • Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide 20 mg/20 mL
  • Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/20 mL
Other brand names
Drug classes
Expectorant, Sigma-1 Agonist, Uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist, alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonist
Dosage form
Solution
Route
Oral
Prescription status
OTC (over the counter)
Marketed in the U.S.
Since 2023
Label revision date
November 4, 2024
Active ingredients
  • Acetaminophen 650 mg/20 mL
  • Guaifenesin 400 mg/20 mL
  • Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide 20 mg/20 mL
  • Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/20 mL
Other brand names
Drug classes
Expectorant, Sigma-1 Agonist, Uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist, alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonist
Dosage form
Solution
Route
Oral
Prescription status
OTC (over the counter)
CSA schedule
Not a scheduled drug
Marketed in the U.S.
Since 2023
Label revision date
November 4, 2024
Manufacturer
Dolgencorp Inc
Registration number
M012
NDC root
55910-398

If you are a healthcare professional or from the pharmaceutical industry please visit this version.

If you are a consumer or patient please visit this version.

Drug Overview

DG™|health is a medication designed to temporarily relieve symptoms associated with colds and flu for adults aged 12 and over. It contains several active ingredients that work together: acetaminophen (a pain reliever and fever reducer), dextromethorphan HBr (a cough suppressant), guaifenesin (an expectorant that helps loosen mucus), and phenylephrine HCl (a nasal decongestant).

This combination helps alleviate a range of symptoms, including cough, sore throat, body aches, fever, nasal congestion, and chest congestion. By addressing these symptoms, DG™|health aims to make you feel more comfortable while your body fights off the illness.

Uses

If you're dealing with a cold or flu, this medication can help relieve several uncomfortable symptoms. It temporarily eases coughs caused by minor throat and bronchial irritation, reduces nasal and sinus congestion, and alleviates minor aches and pains. You may also find relief from a sore throat and headache, and it can help lower a fever.

Additionally, this medication works to loosen phlegm (mucus) and thin bronchial secretions, making it easier to cough up mucus and clear your airways. This can help you feel more comfortable as you recover from your illness.

Dosage and Administration

When using this medication, it's important to follow the recommended dosage carefully to ensure your safety. For adults and children aged 12 years and older, you should take 20 milliliters (mL) every 4 hours, but remember not to exceed 5 doses within a 24-hour period. This means you can take it up to 5 times in one day, but taking more than the recommended amount can lead to serious liver damage.

To measure your dose accurately, always use the dosing cup that comes with the product. It's essential to keep this cup with the medication to avoid any confusion. Please note that this product is not intended for children under 12 years of age, so do not use it for younger kids. By following these guidelines, you can use the medication safely and effectively.

What to Avoid

You should avoid using this product if you are currently taking a prescription monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), which is a type of medication used for depression, psychiatric conditions, or Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, do not use it for at least two weeks after stopping an MAOI. If you're unsure whether your medication contains an MAOI, please consult your doctor or pharmacist.

It's also important not to take this product with any other medications that contain acetaminophen, whether they are prescription or over-the-counter. If you are uncertain about the ingredients in your medications, again, ask a healthcare professional. Lastly, do not use this product if you have ever had an allergic reaction to it or any of its components.

Side Effects

This product contains acetaminophen, which can lead to severe liver damage if you exceed 4,000 mg in 24 hours, take it with other acetaminophen-containing medications, or consume three or more alcoholic drinks daily while using it. Be aware that acetaminophen may also cause serious skin reactions, such as skin reddening, blisters, or rashes. If you experience any of these symptoms, stop using the product and seek medical help immediately.

You should stop using this product and consult a doctor if you feel nervous, dizzy, or have trouble sleeping, if your pain, cough, or nasal congestion worsens or lasts more than seven days, or if your fever worsens or lasts more than three days. Additionally, if you have liver disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, or other specific health conditions, it's important to talk to your doctor before using this product. In case of overdose, seek medical assistance or contact a Poison Control Center right away, as prompt attention is crucial.

Warnings and Precautions

This product contains acetaminophen, which can lead to severe liver damage if you take more than 4,000 mg in 24 hours, use it with other medications containing acetaminophen, or consume three or more alcoholic drinks daily while using it. Be aware that acetaminophen may also cause serious skin reactions, such as redness, blisters, or rashes. If you experience any skin issues, stop using the product and seek medical help immediately. If you have a severe sore throat that lasts more than two days or is accompanied by fever, headache, rash, nausea, or vomiting, consult your doctor promptly.

Before using this product, talk to your doctor if you have any of the following conditions: liver disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid disease, diabetes, difficulty urinating due to an enlarged prostate, or a persistent cough. If you are taking the blood thinner warfarin, check with your doctor or pharmacist before use. In case of an overdose, seek emergency medical help or contact a Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222, even if you do not notice any symptoms.

You should stop taking this product and call your doctor if you feel nervous, dizzy, or unable to sleep; if your pain, cough, or nasal congestion worsens or lasts more than seven days; if your fever worsens or lasts more than three days; if you notice redness or swelling; if new symptoms develop; or if your cough returns with a rash or headache that persists. These could indicate a more serious condition.

Overdose

If you suspect an overdose, it’s important to seek medical help immediately. You can contact a Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 for guidance. This is crucial for both adults and children, even if you don’t see any signs or symptoms of an overdose.

Signs of an overdose can vary, but they may include unusual drowsiness, confusion, or difficulty breathing. If you notice any of these symptoms, don’t hesitate to get help right away. Remember, acting quickly can make a significant difference in the outcome.

Pregnancy Use

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before using this medication. They can provide guidance on whether it’s safe for you and your baby. Always prioritize your health and the health of your child by seeking expert advice.

Lactation Use

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before using any medication. This ensures that you understand any potential risks and can make informed decisions about your health and the health of your baby. Always prioritize open communication with your doctor regarding your breastfeeding journey.

Pediatric Use

It is important to know that this medication should not be used in children under 12 years old. For those aged 12 and older, the recommended dosage is 20 mL every 4 hours.

If you suspect an overdose, seek medical help immediately, even if your child does not show any signs or symptoms. Prompt attention is crucial for both adults and children in such situations.

Geriatric Use

When it comes to using this medication in older adults, there is no specific information available about dosage adjustments, safety concerns, or special precautions. This means that if you or a loved one is an older adult, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice. They can help determine the best approach to using this medication safely and effectively, considering any unique health needs or conditions that may be present. Always prioritize open communication with your healthcare team to ensure the best outcomes.

Renal Impairment

If you have kidney problems, it's important to consult your doctor before using this medication, especially if you experience difficulty urinating due to an enlarged prostate gland. Your healthcare provider can help determine if this medication is safe for you and may suggest adjustments to your dosage or monitoring based on your kidney function. Always prioritize open communication with your doctor regarding any concerns related to your kidney health.

Hepatic Impairment

If you have liver problems, it's important to be cautious when using products that contain acetaminophen. Taking more than 4,000 mg of acetaminophen in a 24-hour period, using other medications that also contain acetaminophen, or consuming three or more alcoholic drinks daily while using this product can lead to severe liver damage.

Before using this product, you should consult with your doctor if you have liver disease. They can provide guidance on safe usage and any necessary adjustments to your dosage. Your health and safety are the top priority, so don’t hesitate to seek professional advice.

Drug Interactions

It's important to talk to your doctor or pharmacist before using this medication, especially if you are taking warfarin, a blood thinner. Mixing these can increase your risk of bleeding. Additionally, you should not use this medication if you are currently taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), which is a type of drug used for certain mental health conditions, or if you have stopped taking an MAOI within the last two weeks.

Be cautious about using this medication alongside any other products that contain acetaminophen, whether they are prescription or over-the-counter. If you're unsure whether a medication contains acetaminophen, it's best to consult with your healthcare provider. Always keep your healthcare team informed about all the medications you are taking to ensure your safety.

Storage and Handling

To ensure the best performance of your product, store it at room temperature between 20-25°C (68-77°F). It's important not to refrigerate the product, as this could affect its effectiveness.

When handling the product, make sure to do so in a clean environment to maintain its integrity. Always follow any additional safety instructions provided to ensure safe and effective use.

Additional Information

You should take this medication orally, with adults and children aged 12 and over advised to take 20 mL every 4 hours. However, it is not recommended for children under 12 years old.

Before using this medication, consult your doctor if you have any of the following conditions: liver disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid disease, diabetes, difficulty urinating due to an enlarged prostate, or a persistent cough associated with phlegm, smoking, asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. If you are taking the blood thinner warfarin, check with your doctor or pharmacist first. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should also seek advice from a health professional. Always keep this medication out of reach of children, and in case of an overdose, contact medical help or a Poison Control Center immediately at 1-800-222-1222.

FAQ

What is DG™|health used for?

DG™|health is used to temporarily relieve symptoms of cold or flu, including cough, nasal congestion, sore throat, body aches, and fever.

What are the active ingredients in DG™|health?

The active ingredients include acetaminophen (pain reliever/fever reducer), dextromethorphan HBr (cough suppressant), guaifenesin (expectorant), and phenylephrine HCl (nasal decongestant).

What is the recommended dosage for adults and children over 12?

Adults and children 12 years and over should take 20 mL every 4 hours, not exceeding 5 doses in 24 hours.

Are there any warnings associated with DG™|health?

Yes, severe liver damage may occur if you take more than 4,000 mg of acetaminophen in 24 hours or with other drugs containing acetaminophen. Additionally, it may cause severe skin reactions.

Who should not use DG™|health?

Do not use DG™|health if you are taking a prescription monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), have had an allergic reaction to it, or are under 12 years of age.

What should I do in case of overdose?

In case of overdose, seek medical help or contact a Poison Control Center immediately at 1-800-222-1222.

Can I use DG™|health if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, consult a health professional before using DG™|health.

What should I do if my symptoms worsen or new symptoms occur?

Stop using DG™|health and consult a doctor if your pain, cough, or nasal congestion worsens or lasts more than 7 days, or if new symptoms occur.

Packaging Info

Below are the non-prescription pack sizes of Dg Health Tussin (acetaminophen, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, guaifenesin, phenylephrine hydrochloride). Columns show Packaging, Formulation Type, and Active Ingredient Strength.

Packaging configurations for Dg Health Tussin.
Details

Drug Information (PDF)

This file contains official product information for Dg Health Tussin, including active ingredients, dosage, warnings, and labeling as submitted by the manufacturer for OTC distribution.

View product document (PDF)

Description

DG™|health is a maximum strength formulation designed for adults aged 12 and over, providing relief for multiple symptoms associated with cough, cold, and flu. This product contains a combination of active ingredients, including acetaminophen as a pain reliever and fever reducer, dextromethorphan hydrobromide as a cough suppressant, guaifenesin as an expectorant, and phenylephrine hydrochloride as a nasal decongestant.

The formulation is designed to alleviate symptoms such as cough, sore throat, body aches, fever, nasal congestion, and chest congestion. It is non-drowsy and presented in a raspberry flavor. The product is available in a liquid dosage form, with a total volume of 4 fluid ounces (118 mL).

Uses and Indications

This drug is indicated for the temporary relief of symptoms associated with the common cold or flu. Specifically, it addresses the following symptoms: cough due to minor throat and bronchial irritation, nasal congestion, sinus congestion and pressure, minor aches and pains, sore throat, headache, and fever. Additionally, this drug aids in loosening phlegm (mucus) and thinning bronchial secretions, facilitating drainage of the bronchial tubes and enhancing the productivity of coughs.

There are no teratogenic or nonteratogenic effects associated with this drug.

Dosage and Administration

Adults and children aged 12 years and older are advised to take 20 mL every 4 hours as needed. It is imperative that no more than 5 doses are taken within a 24-hour period. Healthcare professionals should emphasize the importance of adhering to the recommended dosage, as exceeding this may result in serious liver damage.

The dosing cup provided with the product must be used for accurate measurement; it is essential to keep the dosing cup with the product at all times to ensure proper administration. This product is not intended for use in children under 12 years of age.

Contraindications

Use of this product is contraindicated in the following situations:

Patients currently taking a prescription monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) or those who have discontinued MAOI therapy within the past two weeks. The combination may lead to serious interactions. If there is uncertainty regarding the presence of an MAOI in a prescription, consultation with a healthcare professional is advised.

Co-administration with any other drug containing acetaminophen, whether prescription or nonprescription, is contraindicated due to the risk of acetaminophen overdose.

This product should not be used in individuals with a known allergy to it or any of its ingredients, as this may result in severe allergic reactions.

Warnings and Precautions

Severe liver damage may occur with the use of this product, which contains acetaminophen. Healthcare professionals should advise patients that exceeding 4,000 mg of acetaminophen within a 24-hour period, using other medications containing acetaminophen concurrently, or consuming three or more alcoholic drinks daily while using this product significantly increases the risk of liver injury.

Acetaminophen may also provoke severe skin reactions. Symptoms such as skin reddening, blisters, or rash may indicate a serious allergic response. In the event of a skin reaction, patients should be instructed to discontinue use immediately and seek medical assistance.

In cases of severe sore throat that persists for more than two days or is accompanied by fever, headache, rash, nausea, or vomiting, patients should be advised to consult a physician promptly.

General precautions should be taken for patients with specific health conditions. Prior to use, individuals should consult a healthcare provider if they have liver disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid disease, diabetes, difficulty urinating due to an enlarged prostate, or a cough associated with excessive phlegm. Additionally, those with persistent or chronic coughs, such as those resulting from smoking, asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema, should seek medical advice before using this product. It is also essential to consult a doctor or pharmacist if the patient is taking warfarin, a blood-thinning medication.

In the event of an overdose, immediate medical attention is crucial. Patients should be instructed to contact a Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 or seek emergency medical help without delay, as prompt intervention is vital for both adults and children, even in the absence of noticeable symptoms.

Patients should be advised to discontinue use and contact their healthcare provider if they experience nervousness, dizziness, or sleeplessness. Additionally, worsening pain, cough, or nasal congestion lasting more than seven days, fever that worsens or persists beyond three days, the presence of redness or swelling, the emergence of new symptoms, or a cough that recurs with a rash or headache should be evaluated as these may indicate a serious underlying condition.

Side Effects

Severe liver damage may occur in patients taking this product containing acetaminophen if they exceed 4,000 mg in 24 hours, use other medications containing acetaminophen concurrently, or consume three or more alcoholic drinks daily while using this product.

Patients should be aware of the potential for severe skin reactions associated with acetaminophen, which may manifest as skin reddening, blisters, or rash. In the event of a skin reaction, it is imperative to discontinue use and seek medical assistance immediately.

Participants experiencing a severe sore throat that persists for more than two days, or is accompanied by fever, headache, rash, nausea, or vomiting, should consult a healthcare professional promptly.

Patients are advised to stop use and contact a doctor if they experience nervousness, dizziness, or sleeplessness; if pain, cough, or nasal congestion worsens or lasts more than seven days; if fever worsens or lasts more than three days; if redness or swelling occurs; if new symptoms arise; or if a cough recurs or occurs with a rash or headache that persists, as these may indicate a serious condition.

Before using this product, patients with liver disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid disease, diabetes, or trouble urinating due to an enlarged prostate gland should consult a healthcare provider. Additionally, those with a cough that produces excessive phlegm or a persistent or chronic cough, such as that associated with smoking, asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema, should seek medical advice prior to use.

Patients taking the blood-thinning medication warfarin should also consult a doctor or pharmacist before using this product.

In the event of an overdose, it is critical for patients to seek medical help or contact a Poison Control Center immediately at 1-800-222-1222, as prompt medical attention is essential for both adults and children, even if no signs or symptoms are apparent.

Drug Interactions

Patients should consult a healthcare professional prior to using this medication if they are concurrently taking warfarin, a blood-thinning agent, due to the potential for increased bleeding risk.

The use of this medication is contraindicated in patients currently taking a prescription monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), which includes certain treatments for depression, psychiatric disorders, or Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, it should not be used for at least two weeks following the discontinuation of an MAOI.

Co-administration with any other product containing acetaminophen, whether prescription or over-the-counter, is not recommended. Patients are advised to verify the presence of acetaminophen in other medications by consulting a healthcare professional if uncertain.

Packaging & NDC

Below are the non-prescription pack sizes of Dg Health Tussin (acetaminophen, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, guaifenesin, phenylephrine hydrochloride). Columns show Packaging, Formulation Type, and Active Ingredient Strength.

Packaging configurations for Dg Health Tussin.
Details

Pediatric Use

Pediatric patients under 12 years of age should not use this medication. For adolescents aged 12 years and older, the recommended dosage is 20 mL every 4 hours.

In the event of an overdose, it is crucial to seek prompt medical attention for both adults and pediatric patients, even if no signs or symptoms are immediately apparent.

Geriatric Use

Elderly patients may not have specific information regarding the use of this medication, including dosage adjustments, safety concerns, or special precautions. Therefore, healthcare providers should exercise caution when prescribing this medication to geriatric patients. It is advisable to monitor these patients closely for any potential adverse effects or changes in efficacy, given the lack of targeted data for this population.

Pregnancy

Pregnant patients and those who are breastfeeding should consult a healthcare professional prior to using this medication. It is important to assess the potential risks and benefits, as well as any available data regarding fetal outcomes and lactation. Healthcare providers can offer guidance tailored to individual circumstances, ensuring the safety of both the patient and the developing fetus or nursing infant.

Lactation

Lactating mothers are advised to consult a health professional prior to using this medication. There is currently no available data regarding the excretion of this medication in human breast milk or its effects on breastfed infants. Therefore, caution is recommended when administering this medication to lactating mothers.

Renal Impairment

Patients with renal impairment should consult a healthcare professional prior to use, particularly if they experience difficulty urinating due to an enlarged prostate gland. It is essential to assess renal function and consider potential dosing adjustments or monitoring requirements based on the degree of impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

Patients with hepatic impairment should be advised of the potential risks associated with the use of this product, particularly due to its acetaminophen content. Severe liver damage may occur if the total daily dosage exceeds 4,000 mg of acetaminophen, if it is taken concurrently with other medications containing acetaminophen, or if the patient consumes three or more alcoholic drinks daily while using this product.

It is recommended that patients with known liver disease consult a healthcare professional prior to using this product to assess the appropriateness of treatment and to discuss any necessary dosage adjustments or monitoring requirements. Regular monitoring of liver function may be warranted in these patients to ensure safety and efficacy.

Overdosage

In the event of an overdose, it is imperative to seek immediate medical assistance or contact a Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222. Prompt intervention is crucial for both adults and children, even in the absence of noticeable signs or symptoms.

Healthcare professionals should be aware that the lack of immediate symptoms does not preclude the potential for serious health consequences. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the patient closely and provide appropriate medical care as needed.

Nonclinical Toxicology

No teratogenic or non-teratogenic effects have been reported in the available nonclinical studies. Additionally, there is no information regarding animal pharmacology and toxicology. The absence of data limits the understanding of potential risks associated with the compound in nonclinical settings.

Postmarketing Experience

Postmarketing experience has identified the following adverse reactions reported voluntarily or through surveillance programs: skin reddening, blisters, and rash.

Patient Counseling

Healthcare providers should advise patients to seek immediate medical assistance or contact a Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 in the event of an overdose, as prompt medical attention is crucial for both adults and children, even if no signs or symptoms are apparent.

Patients should be informed not to use this product if they are currently taking a prescription monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) or have taken one within the past two weeks. It is important for patients to consult with their doctor or pharmacist if they are uncertain whether their prescription medication contains an MAOI.

Healthcare providers should emphasize that patients must not use this product in conjunction with any other medications containing acetaminophen, whether prescription or nonprescription. If patients are unsure about the presence of acetaminophen in their other medications, they should be encouraged to ask their doctor or pharmacist.

Patients should be cautioned against using this product if they have a history of allergic reactions to it or any of its ingredients. They should be instructed to discontinue use and consult a doctor if they experience symptoms such as nervousness, dizziness, or sleeplessness.

Additionally, patients should be advised to stop using the product and seek medical advice if their pain, cough, or nasal congestion worsens or persists for more than seven days, if their fever worsens or lasts more than three days, or if they notice any redness or swelling. They should also be informed to consult a doctor if new symptoms arise or if a cough returns or occurs alongside a rash or headache that lasts, as these may indicate a serious condition.

When using this product, patients must be reminded to adhere strictly to the recommended dosage and not exceed it. Healthcare providers should encourage patients to consult a doctor before use if they have any of the following conditions: liver disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid disease, diabetes, or difficulty urinating due to an enlarged prostate gland. Patients with a cough that produces excessive phlegm or those with a persistent or chronic cough, such as that associated with smoking, asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema, should also seek medical advice prior to use.

Lastly, patients taking the blood-thinning medication warfarin should be advised to consult their doctor or pharmacist before using this product.

Storage and Handling

The product is supplied in various package configurations, with specific NDC numbers available for identification. It is essential to store the product at a temperature range of 20-25°C (68-77°F). Refrigeration is not recommended, as it may compromise the integrity of the product. Proper storage conditions must be maintained to ensure the product's efficacy and safety.

Additional Clinical Information

Patients should be aware that the medication is administered orally, with a recommended dosage of 20 mL every 4 hours for adults and children aged 12 years and older. It is not recommended for use in children under 12 years of age.

Clinicians should counsel patients to consult a doctor prior to use if they have any of the following conditions: liver disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid disease, diabetes, difficulty urinating due to an enlarged prostate, or a persistent cough associated with excessive phlegm, smoking, asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. Additionally, patients taking the anticoagulant warfarin should seek advice from a healthcare professional before use. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should also consult a health professional. It is crucial to keep the medication out of reach of children, and in the event of an overdose, patients should seek immediate medical assistance or contact a Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222.

Drug Information (PDF)

This file contains official product information for Dg Health Tussin, including active ingredients, dosage, warnings, and labeling as submitted by the manufacturer for OTC distribution.

View product document (PDF)

Data Generation & Sources

This page was automatically generated and is maintained by the AllDrugs AI Data-Science Team. It was built from the FDA Structured Product Label (DailyMed) for Dg Health Tussin, retrieved by a validated AI data-extraction workflow.

All FDA-listed dosage forms and strengths are shown in the Packaging & NDC Codes section above. Regulatory status appears in the Summary Information panel above and was verified in the FDA National Drug Code directory and the NSDE NDC Directory daily file.

Note: an automated daemon monitors NSDE checksums; when the record for this NDC changes, the new file is pulled instantly and this page is refreshed.

No human clinician has reviewed this version.

Learn more in our Editorial Policy

Last AI update:

Primary FDA sources:

Orange Book data shown on this page are limited to Regulatory Status (Rx), Established Pharmacologic Class (EPC), and Mechanism of Action (MoA).

Regulatory data notice: Information on this page is reproduced verbatim from FDA public databases (NSDE, Orange Book, Purple Book, DailyMed SPL). NDA/ANDA drugs are FDA-approved, BLA biologics are FDA-licensed. Inclusion alone does not guarantee current market availability or imply FDA endorsement.

Medical disclaimer: This AI-generated content is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a licensed healthcare professional for diagnosis or treatment decisions.