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Nitrogen

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This product has been discontinued

Active ingredient
Nitrogen 990 mL/1 L
Other brand names
Dosage form
Gas
Route
Respiratory (inhalation)
Prescription status
Rx (prescription)
Pregnancy
See Pregnancy Use Section
Lactation
See Lactation Use Section
Marketed in the U.S.
Since 1997
Label revision date
August 9, 2010
FDA Insert
Prescribing information, PDF file
Active ingredient
Nitrogen 990 mL/1 L
Other brand names
Dosage form
Gas
Route
Respiratory (inhalation)
Prescription status
Rx (prescription)
CSA schedule
Not a scheduled drug
Pregnancy
See Pregnancy Use Section
Lactation
See Lactation Use Section
Marketed in the U.S.
Since 1997
Label revision date
August 9, 2010
Manufacturer
ABCO Welding and Industrial Supply Inc
NDC root
54949-002
FDA Insert
Prescribing information, PDF file
Packaging Info (3 NDCs)
Packaging & NDC Codes (3)

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Drug Overview

Nitrogen, compressed NF, is a non-flammable gas that is used primarily in medical settings under the supervision of a licensed practitioner. It is important for various applications, including providing an inert atmosphere for certain procedures and as a component in certain medical treatments.

Due to its properties, nitrogen can be hazardous if not handled properly, and it is essential that only trained professionals administer it. This ensures safety and effectiveness in its use.

Uses

You should be aware that the administration of Nitrogen can be risky and is only recommended when supervised by a qualified healthcare professional. This practitioner should have experience with Nitrogen, including its uses, effects, dosages, and potential side effects. It's important to follow their guidance closely to ensure safety.

While there are no specific teratogenic effects (which means it doesn't cause birth defects) or nonteratogenic effects noted, it's crucial to consult with your healthcare provider about any concerns or questions you may have regarding the use of Nitrogen.

Dosage and Administration

Using Nitrogen requires careful handling and should only be done by a licensed practitioner who is experienced in its use. This is important because administering Nitrogen can be hazardous if not done correctly.

When using Nitrogen, it is delivered through inhalation (breathing in) and comes in a container that holds 990 mL of Nitrogen in a 1-liter volume. To safely withdraw the liquid, make sure to wear a face shield and gloves to protect yourself. Always keep the container upright to prevent spills, and remember to close the valve after each use and when the container is empty. Additionally, it's essential to use a backflow preventive device in the piping to ensure safety during administration.

What to Avoid

It’s important to be cautious when using Nitrogen. This substance should only be administered by a licensed practitioner who is experienced in its use. They will be familiar with the necessary dosages, methods, and potential side effects, ensuring your safety during treatment.

To protect yourself, avoid getting liquid Nitrogen in your eyes, on your skin, or on your clothing. Additionally, do not attempt to change or force fit any connections, and be careful not to drop the container; use a suitable hand truck for moving it. Following these guidelines will help you use Nitrogen safely and effectively.

Side Effects

Using nitrogen can pose serious risks, and it should only be administered by a qualified professional who understands its effects and potential dangers. One major concern is that nitrogen can displace oxygen in the air, leading to rapid suffocation. Additionally, if liquid nitrogen comes into contact with your skin or eyes, it can cause severe frostbite, which is a serious injury that occurs when skin freezes.

If you experience any issues, such as difficulty breathing after inhaling nitrogen, it's important to get to fresh air immediately. If you are not breathing, artificial respiration may be necessary, and you should seek medical help right away. In the case of frostbite, prompt medical treatment is essential.

Warnings and Precautions

Using Nitrogen can be risky and should only be done under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional who understands its proper use and potential dangers. It is important to remember that Nitrogen is extremely cold and can cause rapid suffocation or severe frostbite if not handled correctly. Always ensure you have good ventilation when using it, and avoid contact with your eyes, skin, or clothing. When withdrawing liquid Nitrogen, wear protective gear like a face shield and gloves, and never drop the container.

If you accidentally inhale Nitrogen, move to fresh air immediately. If you are not breathing, perform artificial respiration, and if breathing becomes difficult, provide oxygen and seek medical help right away. In the event of frostbite, seek medical treatment without delay. Always close the valve after use and store the container properly to prevent accidents.

Overdose

Using Nitrogen can be risky and should only be done by a trained professional who understands how to use it safely. This is important because Nitrogen can be extremely cold and is stored under pressure, which can lead to serious issues like rapid suffocation or severe frostbite.

If you suspect an overdose or have been exposed to Nitrogen, it's crucial to act quickly. If someone has inhaled it, move them to fresh air immediately. If they are not breathing, perform artificial respiration, and if they are having trouble breathing, provide oxygen. Always call a doctor for further assistance. In the case of frostbite, seek medical treatment right away to prevent further injury.

Pregnancy Use

Using Nitrogen during pregnancy may pose risks, and it is important to approach its use with caution. There is no specific information available about its safety, dosage adjustments, or any special precautions for pregnant individuals. Therefore, it is crucial that you only use Nitrogen under the guidance of a licensed healthcare professional who has experience with its administration.

If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, please consult your healthcare provider before considering any treatment involving Nitrogen. They can help you understand the potential risks and ensure that you receive the safest care possible.

Lactation Use

If you are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed, it's important to know that the drug insert for Nitrogen does not mention any specific warnings or considerations for nursing mothers. This means that, based on the available information, there are no known risks associated with using this drug while breastfeeding.

However, always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new medication to ensure it is safe for you and your baby. Your doctor can provide personalized advice based on your health and breastfeeding situation.

Pediatric Use

Using Nitrogen in children should be approached with caution. It is important to know that the administration of Nitrogen can be hazardous or contraindicated, meaning it may not be safe for all situations. Therefore, it should only be given by or under the supervision of a licensed healthcare professional who has experience with this treatment.

Currently, there are no specific dosing recommendations or age limits for children mentioned, which means that the safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been clearly established. Always consult with your child's healthcare provider for guidance tailored to their individual needs.

Geriatric Use

While there is no specific information about the use of Nitrogen in older adults, it's important to approach any medication with caution, especially if you or your loved ones are elderly. Since the drug insert does not mention age-related considerations, dosage adjustments, or safety concerns for older patients, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before starting this medication. They can help ensure that it is safe and appropriate for your individual health needs. Always prioritize open communication with your doctor about any potential risks or special precautions that may be relevant for older adults.

Renal Impairment

If you have kidney problems, it's important to know that the drug insert for Nitrogen does not provide specific information about dosage adjustments, special monitoring, or safety considerations for your condition. This means that there are no tailored guidelines for how this medication should be used if you have renal impairment (kidney issues).

Before starting any new medication, including Nitrogen, you should discuss your kidney health with your healthcare provider to ensure it is safe for you. They can provide personalized advice and monitor your condition appropriately.

Hepatic Impairment

If you have liver problems, it's important to know that the drug insert for Nitrogen does not provide specific information about dosage adjustments, special monitoring, or precautions for your condition. This means that there are no established guidelines for how this medication should be used if you have hepatic impairment (liver problems).

Before starting any new medication, including Nitrogen, you should discuss your liver health with your healthcare provider. They can help determine the best approach for your treatment and ensure your safety.

Drug Interactions

It's important to be aware that the use of Nitrogen can be risky and should only be done under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional. This means you should only receive Nitrogen from someone who has the necessary experience and knowledge about how to use it safely, including understanding its effects, proper dosages, and potential side effects.

Before starting any treatment involving Nitrogen, make sure to discuss all your current medications and health conditions with your healthcare provider. This conversation is crucial to ensure your safety and to avoid any harmful interactions.

Storage and Handling

To ensure your safety and the proper use of the product, store it in a well-ventilated area and always keep the container in an upright position. Make sure the temperature around the cylinder does not exceed 52°C (125°F). After each use, remember to close the valve, even if the container is empty. When handling the cylinder, use equipment that is rated for its pressure and always incorporate a backflow preventive device in the piping to avoid any hazards.

When withdrawing liquid, it’s important to wear a face shield and gloves to protect yourself. Avoid contact with the liquid to prevent it from getting in your eyes, on your skin, or on your clothing. Handle the container carefully—do not drop it, and use a suitable hand truck for moving it. Lastly, always follow the guidelines outlined in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for safe handling and disposal.

Additional Information

When using Nitrogen, it's important to remember that it should only be administered by a licensed practitioner who is experienced with its use. This ensures that the administration is safe and effective, considering the specific indications, dosages, and potential side effects. Always ensure that the area is well-ventilated when using Nitrogen, and make sure to use equipment that can handle the pressure of the cylinder.

Additionally, keep the cylinder temperature below 52˚C (125˚F), and always close the valve after each use or when the cylinder is empty. It's also crucial to use a backflow preventive device in the piping and to follow the guidelines provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for safe handling.

FAQ

What is Nitrogen, compressed NF?

Nitrogen, compressed NF is a non-flammable gas used under the supervision of a licensed practitioner experienced in its administration.

What are the warnings associated with Nitrogen?

Administration of Nitrogen may be hazardous or contraindicated, and it can cause rapid suffocation and severe frostbite due to its extremely cold temperature.

How should Nitrogen be administered?

Nitrogen should be administered via inhalation and only by a licensed practitioner familiar with its indications, effects, and precautions.

What precautions should I take when using Nitrogen?

Use Nitrogen in a well-ventilated area, keep the cylinder upright, and ensure the temperature does not exceed 52°C (125°F).

What should I do if I inhale Nitrogen?

If inhaled, remove the person to fresh air, provide artificial respiration if not breathing, and call a physician.

Are there any specific contraindications for using Nitrogen?

Yes, Nitrogen may be hazardous or contraindicated and should only be used under the supervision of a qualified practitioner.

What first aid measures should be taken in case of frostbite from Nitrogen?

In case of frostbite, obtain medical treatment immediately.

Is there any information on the use of Nitrogen during pregnancy or lactation?

The insert does not provide specific information regarding the use of Nitrogen during pregnancy or lactation.

What should I do after using Nitrogen?

Close the valve after each use and when the cylinder is empty, and follow the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for further instructions.

Packaging Info

The table below lists all NDC Code configurations of Nitrogen, the U.S. brand-name prescription product. Columns show Packaging, Formulation Type, and Active Ingredient Strength.

Packaging configurations for Nitrogen.
Details

FDA Insert (PDF)

This is the full prescribing document for Nitrogen, submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It contains official information for healthcare providers, including how to use the medication, possible side effects, and safety warnings.

View FDA-approved insert (PDF)

Description

Nitrogen, compressed NF (CAS: 7727-37-9), is a non-flammable gas classified as a hazardous material. It is intended for use only by or under the supervision of a licensed practitioner experienced in its administration. The gas is supplied in high-pressure cylinders and requires careful handling to prevent rapid suffocation. Proper ventilation is essential during use, and equipment must be rated for cylinder pressure. The cylinder temperature must not exceed 52°C (125°F), and the valve should be closed after each use and when empty. Adherence to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is mandatory. In case of inhalation, the individual should be removed to fresh air, and if breathing is difficult, oxygen should be administered. First aid measures include artificial respiration if the individual is not breathing, followed by contacting a physician. The product label must not be removed.

Uses and Indications

This drug is indicated for use in specific medical situations where the administration of Nitrogen is deemed necessary. It is essential that this drug be administered only by or under the supervision of a licensed practitioner who possesses expertise in the use and administration of Nitrogen. The practitioner must be knowledgeable about the indications, effects, dosages, methods, frequency, and duration of administration, as well as the associated hazards, contraindications, side effects, and necessary precautions.

Limitations of use include the potential hazards associated with Nitrogen administration, which may render it contraindicated in certain circumstances. There are no specific teratogenic or nonteratogenic effects reported for this drug.

Dosage and Administration

Administration of Nitrogen is to be conducted only by or under the supervision of a licensed practitioner experienced in its use. The practitioner must be knowledgeable about the indications, effects, dosages, methods, and frequency and duration of administration, as the use of Nitrogen may pose hazards or contraindications.

The route of administration is via respiratory inhalation. The active ingredient is Nitrogen, provided at a concentration of 990 mL in a 1 L container.

For the safe withdrawal of liquid Nitrogen, it is essential to wear a face shield and gloves to protect against potential hazards. The container must always be maintained in an upright position to prevent spillage or accidents. After each use, and when the container is empty, the valve should be securely closed to ensure safety. Additionally, a backflow preventive device must be utilized in the piping to prevent any reverse flow of gas.

Contraindications

Administration of Nitrogen is contraindicated in the following situations:

  • Use is restricted to licensed practitioners experienced in the administration of Nitrogen. It should only be administered under their supervision due to the potential hazards associated with its use.

  • Direct contact with liquid Nitrogen is contraindicated; it must not come into contact with eyes, skin, or clothing to prevent injury.

  • Altering or forcing connections is contraindicated to avoid potential hazards.

  • Dropping the container is contraindicated; appropriate handling equipment, such as a hand truck, should be used for movement to prevent accidents.

Warnings and Precautions

Administration of Nitrogen may pose significant risks and is contraindicated in certain situations. It is imperative that Nitrogen is used solely by or under the supervision of a licensed practitioner who possesses expertise in its administration. This practitioner should be well-versed in the indications, effects, dosages, methods, frequency, duration of administration, as well as the associated hazards, contraindications, side effects, and necessary precautions.

Nitrogen is classified as an extremely cold liquid and gas under pressure, which can lead to rapid suffocation and severe frostbite if not handled properly.

General precautions must be observed to ensure safe usage. Nitrogen should be stored and utilized in areas with adequate ventilation to prevent the accumulation of gas. Direct contact with the liquid form of Nitrogen should be avoided; it must not come into contact with the eyes, skin, or clothing. When withdrawing liquid Nitrogen, appropriate personal protective equipment, including a face shield and gloves, should be worn to mitigate exposure risks.

Containers should not be dropped; instead, a suitable hand truck should be employed for movement. It is critical to ensure that the cylinder temperature does not exceed 52˚C (125˚F). After each use and when the cylinder is empty, the valve should be securely closed. A backflow preventive device should be utilized in the piping to prevent contamination. All handling and usage should be conducted in accordance with the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Nitrogen.

In the event of an emergency, immediate medical assistance should be sought. If Nitrogen is inhaled, the individual should be moved to fresh air. If breathing has ceased, artificial respiration should be administered. If breathing is difficult, supplemental oxygen should be provided, and a physician should be contacted without delay. In cases of frostbite, prompt medical treatment is essential.

No specific laboratory tests are recommended for monitoring the use of Nitrogen.

Side Effects

Administration of Nitrogen may pose significant risks and should only be conducted by or under the supervision of a licensed practitioner experienced in its use. The practitioner must be knowledgeable about the indications, effects, dosages, methods, frequency, duration of administration, as well as the associated hazards, contraindications, and side effects.

Serious adverse reactions associated with Nitrogen include rapid suffocation, which can occur due to the displacement of oxygen in the environment. Additionally, exposure to liquid nitrogen can lead to severe frostbite if it comes into contact with skin or eyes.

In the event of inhalation, it is critical to remove the affected individual to fresh air immediately. If the individual is not breathing, artificial respiration should be administered, and if breathing is difficult, supplemental oxygen should be provided. It is essential to seek medical attention promptly. For cases of frostbite, immediate medical treatment is necessary to address the injury effectively.

Due to the extremely cold nature of liquid nitrogen and its gaseous form under pressure, caution is paramount to prevent these serious adverse reactions.

Drug Interactions

The administration of Nitrogen is associated with potential hazards and contraindications. It is imperative that Nitrogen is used exclusively by or under the supervision of a licensed practitioner who possesses expertise in its use and administration. This includes a thorough understanding of the indications, effects, dosages, methods, frequency, and duration of administration, as well as awareness of the associated hazards, contraindications, side effects, and necessary precautions.

Due to the complexities involved in the administration of Nitrogen, careful monitoring and adherence to established guidelines are essential to ensure patient safety and efficacy of treatment.

Packaging & NDC

The table below lists all NDC Code configurations of Nitrogen, the U.S. brand-name prescription product. Columns show Packaging, Formulation Type, and Active Ingredient Strength.

Packaging configurations for Nitrogen.
Details

Pediatric Use

The administration of Nitrogen in pediatric patients may pose hazards or be contraindicated. It is essential that Nitrogen is used only by or under the supervision of a licensed practitioner who has experience in its use and administration. Currently, there are no specific dosing recommendations or age limits established for pediatric patients. Caution is advised when considering the use of this agent in children, infants, or adolescents.

Geriatric Use

There is no specific information regarding the use of Nitrogen in geriatric patients, including age considerations, dosage adjustments, safety concerns, or special precautions. Healthcare providers should exercise caution when prescribing this medication to elderly patients, as the absence of data necessitates careful monitoring and individualized assessment of treatment risks and benefits in this population.

Pregnancy

The administration of Nitrogen during pregnancy may pose potential risks, and its use is generally considered hazardous or contraindicated. There is no specific information available regarding the safety of Nitrogen in pregnant patients, including any associated fetal outcomes or necessary dosage modifications. Therefore, it is crucial that Nitrogen is used only by or under the supervision of a licensed practitioner who has experience in its administration. Healthcare professionals should exercise caution and consider the lack of data when advising women of childbearing potential regarding the use of Nitrogen during pregnancy.

Lactation

There are no specific warnings or considerations regarding nursing mothers or lactation in the provided drug insert for Nitrogen. Therefore, healthcare professionals may consider the use of this medication in lactating mothers without additional concerns related to breastfeeding. However, as with any medication, it is advisable to monitor breastfed infants for any potential adverse effects.

Renal Impairment

There is no specific information regarding renal impairment, dosage adjustments, special monitoring, or safety considerations for patients with reduced kidney function provided in the drug insert for Nitrogen. Healthcare professionals should exercise caution and consider individual patient factors when prescribing this medication to patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

Patients with hepatic impairment have not been specifically studied in relation to the use of Nitrogen. Consequently, there is no available information regarding dosage adjustments, special monitoring requirements, or precautions for this population. It is recommended that healthcare providers exercise caution when prescribing Nitrogen to patients with compromised liver function, given the lack of data on its safety and efficacy in this group. Regular monitoring of liver function may be prudent in these cases, although specific parameters are not outlined in the prescribing information.

Overdosage

Administration of Nitrogen carries inherent risks and may be hazardous or contraindicated in certain situations. It is imperative that Nitrogen is used solely by or under the supervision of a licensed practitioner who possesses experience in its use and administration. This practitioner should be well-versed in the indications, effects, dosages, methods, frequency, duration of administration, as well as the associated hazards, contraindications, side effects, and necessary precautions.

In the event of overdosage, it is crucial to recognize the potential symptoms and take appropriate action. Nitrogen is classified as an extremely cold liquid and gas under pressure, which poses significant risks, including rapid suffocation and severe frostbite.

First Aid Measures If Nitrogen is inhaled, the affected individual should be promptly removed to an area with fresh air. In cases where the individual is not breathing, artificial respiration should be administered immediately. If breathing difficulties arise, supplemental oxygen should be provided. It is essential to contact a physician without delay for further evaluation and management.

Management of Frostbite In instances of frostbite, immediate medical treatment is necessary. Prompt intervention is critical to mitigate potential tissue damage and ensure appropriate care.

Nonclinical Toxicology

No teratogenic or non-teratogenic effects have been reported in the available nonclinical studies. Additionally, there is no information regarding animal pharmacology and toxicology. The absence of data limits the assessment of potential risks associated with the compound in these areas.

Postmarketing Experience

No specific postmarketing experience details are available. As such, there are no additional adverse events or rare case reports to summarize at this time.

Patient Counseling

Healthcare providers should advise patients that the administration of Nitrogen may pose hazards or be contraindicated. It is essential that Nitrogen is used only by or under the supervision of a licensed practitioner who is experienced in its use and administration. Patients should be informed that the practitioner must be familiar with the indications, effects, dosages, methods, frequency and duration of administration, as well as the associated hazards, contraindications, side effects, and necessary precautions.

Providers should emphasize the importance of caution due to Nitrogen being a high-pressure gas, which can lead to rapid suffocation. Patients must be instructed to ensure adequate ventilation during storage and use. It is critical to utilize equipment that is rated for cylinder pressure and to incorporate a backflow preventive device in the piping system. Additionally, patients should be made aware that the cylinder temperature must not exceed 52°C (125°F) and that the valve should be closed after each use and when the cylinder is empty.

Patients should be encouraged to follow the guidelines outlined in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). In the event of inhalation, they should be instructed to move to fresh air immediately. If the patient is not breathing, artificial respiration should be administered, and if breathing is difficult, oxygen should be provided. It is important to call a physician in such cases.

Healthcare providers should remind patients to always keep the container in an upright position and to avoid changing or forcing connections. They should be warned about the extremely cold nature of the liquid and gas under pressure, which can cause rapid suffocation and severe frostbite. Patients must be cautioned against allowing the liquid to come into contact with their eyes, skin, or clothing. When withdrawing liquid, it is advisable to wear a face shield and gloves.

Providers should also instruct patients not to drop the cylinder and to use a suitable hand truck for container movement. In the case of frostbite, immediate medical treatment should be sought. Lastly, patients should be informed not to remove the product label under any circumstances.

Storage and Handling

The product is supplied in a pressurized cylinder, which must be stored and handled with care to ensure safety and efficacy. It is essential to maintain adequate ventilation in the area where the cylinder is used. The temperature of the cylinder should not exceed 52°C (125°F) to prevent any risk of pressure build-up.

Containers must always be kept in an upright position. After each use and when the cylinder is empty, the valve should be closed to prevent any accidental release of contents. Equipment used with the cylinder must be rated for the cylinder pressure to ensure safe operation. Additionally, a back flow preventive device should be installed in the piping to avoid any potential hazards.

When withdrawing liquid from the cylinder, it is imperative to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including a face shield and gloves, to protect against exposure. Care should be taken to avoid contact with the liquid, as it should not come into contact with eyes, skin, or clothing.

To prevent damage, the cylinder should not be dropped. A suitable hand truck should be utilized for the movement of the container. All handling and usage should be conducted in accordance with the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) to ensure compliance with safety protocols.

Additional Clinical Information

The route of administration for Nitrogen is via respiratory inhalation. Clinicians should be aware that the administration of Nitrogen may pose hazards or be contraindicated, and it should only be used by or under the supervision of a licensed practitioner experienced in its use. This practitioner must be knowledgeable about the indications, effects, dosages, methods, frequency, duration of administration, as well as the associated hazards, contraindications, side effects, and necessary precautions.

Patients should be counseled on the importance of adequate ventilation during storage and use, and the necessity of utilizing equipment rated for cylinder pressure. A backflow preventive device should be employed in the piping, and the cylinder temperature must not exceed 52˚C (125˚F). It is essential to close the valve after each use and when the cylinder is empty, and to follow the guidelines outlined in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

FDA Insert (PDF)

This document is the official FDA-approved prescribing information for Nitrogen as submitted by ABCO Welding and Industrial Supply Inc. It includes detailed information about indications, dosage, contraindications, warnings, and clinical pharmacology.

View full prescribing information (PDF)

Data Generation & Sources

This page was automatically generated and is maintained by the AllDrugs AI Data-Science Team. It was built from the FDA Structured Product Label (DailyMed) for Nitrogen, retrieved by a validated AI data-extraction workflow.

All FDA-approved dosage forms and strengths are listed in the Packaging & NDC Codes section above. Regulatory status, pharmacologic class (EPC), and mechanism of action (MoA) were cross-checked against the FDA Orange Book () and the NSDE NDC Directory daily file.

Note: an automated daemon monitors NSDE checksums; when the record for this NDC changes, the new file is pulled instantly and this page is refreshed.

No human clinician has reviewed this version.

Learn more in our Editorial Policy

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Primary FDA sources:

Orange Book data shown on this page are limited to Regulatory Status (Rx), Established Pharmacologic Class (EPC), and Mechanism of Action (MoA).

Regulatory data notice: Information on this page is reproduced verbatim from FDA public databases (NSDE, Orange Book, Purple Book, DailyMed SPL). NDA/ANDA drugs are FDA-approved, BLA biologics are FDA-licensed. Inclusion alone does not guarantee current market availability or imply FDA endorsement.

Medical disclaimer: This AI-generated content is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a licensed healthcare professional for diagnosis or treatment decisions.